SELECT 
 name,MIN(id_num)
FROM YourTable
GROUP BY name

更新:如果你想随机选择 id_num，你可以试试这个

UPDATE: If you want pick id_num randomly, you may try this

WITH cte AS (
  SELECT 
    name, id_num,rn = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY name ORDER BY newid())
  FROM YourTable
)
SELECT *
FROM cte
WHERE rn = 1

SQL 小提琴演示