您是如此亲密:

In [1]: df.groupby('one').agg(lambda x: "|".join(x.tolist()))
Out[1]:
     two
one
1    x|y
2    y|z
3      z

扩展答案以处理排序并仅接受集合:

Expanded answer to handle sorting and take only the set:

In [1]: df = DataFrame({'one':[1,1,2,2,3], 'two':list('xyyzz'), 'three':list('eecba')}, index=list('abcde'), columns=['one','two','three'])

In [2]: df
Out[2]:
   one two three
a    1   x     e
b    1   y     e
c    2   y     c
d    2   z     b
e    3   z     a

In [3]: df.groupby('one').agg(lambda x: "|".join(x.order().unique().tolist()))
Out[3]:
     two three
one
1    x|y     e
2    y|z   b|c
3      z     a