我遇到了完全相同的问题，因为 Eclipse Tomcat 使用与 Tomcat Standalone 相同的工作目录，我无法正确启动 Standalone Tomcat.解决方案是将 Eclipse-Tomcat Config - Arguments - Working 目录更改为与 Tomcat/webapps 不同的目录.

I had exact the same problem and because Eclipse Tomcat was using the same working directory as Tomcat standalone I cannot started the standalone Tomcat properly. The solution was to change the Eclipse-Tomcat Config - Arguments - Working directory to something different than Tomcat/webapps.