使用Activity和Fragment的某种责任划分来说明要容易得多.

It's much easier to illustrate with some sort of division of responsibility for your Activity and Fragment.

问题1:管理左上方的Hamburger/Back按钮.将图标和功能切换到菜单"和后退导航".

从插图中可以看出，解决方案应由Activity封装，其外观如下:

From the illustration, the solution should be encapsulated by the Activity, which will look something like this:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener {

    private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
    private DrawerLayout mDrawer;
    private ActionBar mActionBar;

    private boolean mToolBarNavigationListenerIsRegistered = false;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
        mActionBar = getSupportActionBar();

        mDrawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawer, toolbar, R.string.navigation_drawer_open, R.string.navigation_drawer_close);
        mDrawer.addDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
        mDrawerToggle.syncState();

        NavigationView navigationView = (NavigationView) findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
        navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(this);

        // On orientation change savedInstanceState will not be null.
        // Use this to show hamburger or up icon based on fragment back stack.
        if(savedInstanceState != null){
            resolveUpButtonWithFragmentStack();
        } else {
            // You probably want to add your ListFragment here.
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {

        if (mDrawer.isDrawerOpen(GravityCompat.START)) {
            mDrawer.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);

        } else {
            int backStackCount = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();

            if (backStackCount >= 1) {
                getSupportFragmentManager().popBackStack();
                // Change to hamburger icon if at bottom of stack
                if(backStackCount == 1){
                    showUpButton(false);
                }
            } else {
                super.onBackPressed();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;

        } else if (id == android.R.id.home) {
            // Home/Up logic handled by onBackPressed implementation
            onBackPressed();
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("StatementWithEmptyBody")
    @Override
    public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle navigation view item clicks here.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        // Navigation drawer item selection logic goes here

        mDrawer.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
        return true;
    }

    private void replaceFragment() {
        /**
        * Your fragment replacement logic goes here
        * e.g.
        * FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        * String tag = "MyFragment";
        * ft.replace(R.id.content, MyFragment.newInstance(tag), tag).addToBackStack(null).commit();
        */

        // The part that changes the hamburger icon to the up icon
        showUpButton(true);
    }

    private void resolveUpButtonWithFragmentStack() {
        showUpButton(getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() > 0);
    }

    private void showUpButton(boolean show) {
        // To keep states of ActionBar and ActionBarDrawerToggle synchronized,
        // when you enable on one, you disable on the other.
        // And as you may notice, the order for this operation is disable first, then enable - VERY VERY IMPORTANT.
        if(show) {
            // Remove hamburger
            mDrawerToggle.setDrawerIndicatorEnabled(false);
            // Show back button
            mActionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
            // when DrawerToggle is disabled i.e. setDrawerIndicatorEnabled(false), navigation icon
            // clicks are disabled i.e. the UP button will not work.
            // We need to add a listener, as in below, so DrawerToggle will forward
            // click events to this listener.
            if(!mToolBarNavigationListenerIsRegistered) {
                mDrawerToggle.setToolbarNavigationClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        onBackPressed();
                    }
                });

                mToolBarNavigationListenerIsRegistered = true;
            }

        } else {
            // Remove back button
            mActionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(false);
            // Show hamburger
            mDrawerToggle.setDrawerIndicatorEnabled(true);
            // Remove the/any drawer toggle listener 
            mDrawerToggle.setToolbarNavigationClickListener(null);
            mToolBarNavigationListenerIsRegistered = false;
        }

        // So, one may think "Hmm why not simplify to:
        // .....
        // getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(enable);
        // mDrawer.setDrawerIndicatorEnabled(!enable);
        // ......
        // To re-iterate, the order in which you enable and disable views IS important #dontSimplify.
    }
}

问题2:页面标题-每当推入并弹出片段时，都要更改页面标题.

从本质上讲，每个Fragment都可以在onStart中进行处理，即您的ListFragment，DetailsFragment和CommentsFragment看起来像这样:

Essentially, this can be handled in the onStart for each Fragment i.e. your ListFragment, DetailsFragment and CommentsFragment look something like this:

@Override
public void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    // where mText is the title you want on your toolbar/actionBar
    getActivity().setTitle(mText);
}

也许在片段的onCreate中也包含setRetainInstance(true).

Probably worth having setRetainInstance(true) in the onCreate of your fragments as well.