我们可以使用 gsub

gsub("([A-Z*]>)\\1+", "\\1", tst)
#[1] "C>B>C>*>C"

为了获得第二个结果，请删除>

In order to get the second result, remove the >

gsub(">", "", gsub("([A-Z*]\\>)\\1+", "\\1", tst) ,fixed = TRUE)
#[1] "CBC*C"

基于以下OP的评论，可能是

Based on the OP's comments below, may be

gsub("(.)\\1+", "\\1", gsub(">", "", tst))
#[1] "CBC*C"
gsub("(.)\\1+", "\\1", gsub(">", "", "A>"))
#[1] "A"
gsub("(.)\\1+", "\\1", gsub(">", "", "A>A"))
#[1] "A"
gsub("(.)\\1+", "\\1", gsub(">", "", "A>A>A>A"))
#[1] "A"