使用基本安全措施存储密码的过程相当简单:

The process for storing passwords with a basic measure of security is fairly simple:

• 用盐散列密码
• 为每个用户/密码使用不同的盐
• 将带有散列密码的盐存储在数据库中
• 当他们尝试登录时，通过相同的方法运行尝试的密码；比较结果.

如果他们输入了正确的密码，散列的密码将匹配.散列可以保护用户免受攻击，也可以防止管理员走过带有 members 表的屏幕.

If they entered the correct password, the hashed PWs will match. Hashing protects the users from attacks as well as the janitor walking by a screen with the members table on display.

' salt size is 32 (0-31
Private Const SaltSize As Integer = 31
...

Dim dbPW As String = TextBox1.Text
Dim dbSalt = CreateNewSalt(SaltSize)
' eg: "dsEGWpJpwfAOvdRZyUo9rA=="

Dim SaltedPWHash As String = GetSaltedHash(dbPW, dbSalt)
' examples:
' using SHA256: bbKN8wYYgoZmNaG3IsQ2DPS2ZPIOnenl6i5NwUmrGmo=
' using SHA512: 
' 0vqZWBIbOlyzL25l9iWk51CxxJTiEM6QUZEH1ph+/aNp+lk4Yf8NYv8RLhYtbqCNpOqO3y8BmM+0YWtbAhE+RA=="

将 PW 哈希和盐作为用户记录的一部分存储.盐不是秘密，而是在用户更改密码时/如果用户更改密码.

Store the PW hash and the salt as part of the user's record. The salt is not secret, but change it when/if the user changes their password.

' check if PW entered equals DB
Dim pwTry = TextBox2.Text
' hash the login attempt using the salt stored in the DB
Dim pwLogin = GetSaltedHash(pwTry, dbSalt)

' compare the hash of what they entered to whats in the DB:
If String.Compare(SaltedPWHash, pwLogin, False) = 0 Then
    ' okay!
    Console.Beep()
End If

如果用户输入相同的密码，应该得到相同的哈希值，就这么简单.散列代码并不那么复杂:

If the user enters the same PW, it should result in the same hash, it is as simple as that. The hashing code is not all that complicated:

Private Function GetSaltedHash(pw As String, salt As String) As String
    Dim tmp As String = pw & salt

    ' or SHA512Managed
    Using hash As HashAlgorithm = New SHA256Managed()
        ' convert pw+salt to bytes:
        Dim saltyPW = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tmp)
        ' hash the pw+salt bytes:
        Dim hBytes = hash.ComputeHash(saltyPW)
        ' return a B64 string so it can be saved as text 
        Return Convert.ToBase64String(hBytes)
    End Using

End Function

Private Function CreateNewSalt(size As Integer) As String
    ' use the crypto random number generator to create
    ' a new random salt 
    Using rng As New RNGCryptoServiceProvider
        ' dont allow very small salt
        Dim data(If(size < 7, 7, size)) As Byte
        ' fill the array
        rng.GetBytes(data)
        ' convert to B64 for saving as text
        Return Convert.ToBase64String(data)
    End Using
End Function

• 使用 GUID (System.Guid.NewGuid.ToString) 之类的东西作为盐很诱人，但使用加密随机数生成器并不难.
• 与散列密码一样，由于编码的原因，返回字符串更长.
• 每次用户更改密码时都会创建一个新盐.不要使用全局盐，它违背了目的.
• 您还可以多次散列 PW.部分关键是在受到攻击时要花很长时间尝试各种组合.
• 这些函数是Shared/static 类成员的理想选择.
• It is tempting to use something like a GUID (System.Guid.NewGuid.ToString) as the salt, but it just isn't all that hard to use the cryptographic random number generator.
• As with the hashed password, the return string is longer due to the encoding.
• Create a new salt every time the user changes their password. Don't use a global salt, it defeats the purpose.
• You can also hash the PW multiple times. Part of the key is to make it take a long time to try all various combinations if/when attacked.
• The functions are ideal candidates for Shared / static class members.

另请注意，Kenneth 链接的文章非常值得一读.

Note also, the article linked to by Kenneth is well worth reading.

注意文章提到盐应该存储在散列旁边的用户帐户表 这并不意味着您必须在数据库中有一个 Salt 列.您可以在链接的文章中看到以下内容:

Note that the article mentions The salt should be stored in the user account table alongside the hash This doesn't mean you must have a Salt column in the DB. You can see the following being done in the linked article:

Dim dbPW As String = TextBox1.Text
Dim dbSalt = CreateNewSalt(SaltSize)

' get the salted PW hash
Dim SaltedPWHash As String = GetSaltedHash(dbPW, dbSalt)
' store salt with the hash:
SaltedPWHash = String.Format("{0}:{1}", dbSalt, dbPW)
' salt + ":" + hashed PW now ready to store in the db

从散列密码中分离盐:

Dim SaltAndPWHash = rdr.Item("PWHash").ToString()

Dim split = SaltAndPWHash.Split(":"c)    ' split on ":"
Dim Salt = split(0)                      ' element(0) == salt
Dim StoredPWHash = split(1)              ' element(1) == hashed PW

您需要两个部分:在您对 PW 中尝试的日志进行哈希处理后，将其与 split(1) 进行比较.

You need both parts: after you hash the attempted log in PW, compare it to split(1).