您要找的文件在，

Microsoft VS Code\resources\app\extensions\theme-defaults\themes

在 Windows 上搜索文件名 dark_vs.json 以在任何其他系统上找到它.

更新:

使用新版本的 VSCode，您无需寻找设置文件来自定义主题.现在您可以使用 workbench.colorCustomizations 和 editor.tokenColorCustomizations 用户设置自定义您的颜色主题.可以在此处找到有关此事的文档.>

I'm using Windows 7 64-bit.

Is there a way to edit default dark theme in the Visual Studio Code? In %USERPROFILE%\.vscode folder there are only themes from the extensions, while in installation path (I used default, C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft VS Code) there are files of some standard themes in \resources\app\extensions, like Kimbie Dark, Solarized Dark/Light or variants of Monokai, but there is no default dark theme.

But if after all there is a possibility to edit it, then which blocks of code are responsible for colour of member of object, member of pointer and name of class and structure in the C++ language?

The file you are looking for is at,

Microsoft VS Code\resources\app\extensions\theme-defaults\themes

on Windows and search for filename dark_vs.json to locate it on any other system.

Update:

With new versions of VSCode you don't need to hunt for the settings file to customize the theme. Now you can customize your color theme with the workbench.colorCustomizations and editor.tokenColorCustomizations user settings. Documentation on the matter can be found here.