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You're looking for pivot_table:

In [11]: medals = df.pivot_table('no of medals', ['Year', 'Country'], 'medal')

In [12]: medals
Out[12]:
medal             Bronze  Gold  Silver
Year Country
1896 Afghanistan       3     5       4
     Algeria           3     1       2

，如果要重新排列各列:

and if you want to reorder the columns:

In [12]: medals.reindex_axis(['Gold', 'Silver', 'Bronze'], axis=1)
Out[12]:
medal             Gold  Silver  Bronze
Year Country
1896 Afghanistan     5       4       3
     Algeria         1       2       3