如果是特别任务

创建一个包含输入文件中所有列的临时表

If it is an ad hoc task

Create a temporary table with all the columns in the input file

create temporary table t (x1 integer, ... , x10 text)

从文件复制到

copy t (x1, ... , x10)
from '/path/to/my_file'
with (format csv)

现在从temp插入到确定表中：

Now insert into the definitive table from the temp:

insert into my_table (x2, x5, x7, x10)
select x2, x5, x7, x10
from t

并将其删除：

drop table t

如果是频繁的任务

使用 file_fdw extension 。作为超级用户：

If it is a frequent task

Use the file_fdw extension. As superuser:

create extension file_fdw;

create server my_csv foreign data wrapper file_fdw;

create foreign table my_csv (
    x1 integer,
    x2 text,
    x3 text
) server my_csv
options (filename '/tmp/my_csv.csv', format 'csv' )
;

向表格授予对其进行读取的用户的选择权限：

Grant select permission on the table to the user who will read it:

grant select on table my_csv to the_read_user;

然后随时从csv文件中直接读取，就像它是一个表：

Then whenever necessary read directly from the csv file as if it were a table:

insert into my_table (x2)
select x2
from my_csv
where x1 = 2