使用 融化 与 GroupBy.size 和 unstack ：

Use melt with GroupBy.size and unstack:

df = (df.melt('userID')
        .groupby(['userID','variable','value'])
        .size()
        .unstack([1,2], fill_value=0))
#python 3.6+
df.columns = [f'{a}_{b}' for a, b in df.columns]
#python bellow
#df.columns = ['{}_{}'.format(a,b) for a, b in df.columns]
df = df.reset_index()
print (df)
RangeIndex(start=0, stop=7, step=1)
  userID  cat1_f  cat1_m  cat1_u  cat2_1  cat2_3  cat2_2
0      a       2       1       1       2       2       0
1      b       0       2       1       1       0       2

备用与 crosstab ：

df = df.melt('userID')
df = pd.crosstab(df['userID'], [df['variable'], df['value']])
df.columns = [f'{a}_{b}' for a, b in df.columns]
df = df.reset_index()