出现问题是因为->>运算符无法遍历数组:

The problem arises because ->> operator cannot walk through array:

• 首先使用json_array_elements函数取消嵌套json数组；
• 然后使用运算符进行过滤.

• First unnest your json array using json_array_elements function;
• Then use the operator for filtering.

以下查询可解决问题:

WITH 
A AS (
SELECT
    Id
   ,jsonb_array_elements(gps_data_json) AS point
FROM trip
)
SELECT *
FROM A
WHERE (point->>'mode') = 'WALK';