您可以使用自定义错误处理程序过滤器:

You could use a custom error handler filter:

public class AjaxErrorHandler : FilterAttribute, IExceptionFilter
{
    public void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
    {
        if (filterContext.HttpContext.Request.IsAjaxRequest())
        {
            filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;
            filterContext.Result = new JsonResult
            {
                Data = new { errorMessage = "some error message" }
            };
        }
    }
}

然后装饰通过Ajax调用的控制器/动作，甚至注册为全局过滤器.

And then decorate your controller/actions that you are calling through Ajax or even register as global filter.

然后，在执行Ajax请求时，您可以测试error属性的存在:

Then when performing the Ajax request you can test the presence of the error property:

$.getJSON('/foo', function(result) {
    if (result.errorMessage) {
        // Something went wrong on the server
    } else {
        // Process as normally
    }
});