这里很短

value = A(sum(bsxfun(@eq, A(:), A(:).'))==1);

它比较矩阵中的所有成对元素，并计算它们相等的次数，并返回仅计数一次的元素.

It compares all pairs of elements in the matrix and counts how many times they are equal and returns the ones that have been counted only once.