如果我理解正确你的问题，你可以向函数添加一个额外的参数 free-index 像这样:

If I understand correctly your problem, you can add to the function an extra parameter free-index like this:

transform :: Stmt -> FStmt
transform = snd . transform' 0

transform' :: Int -> Stmt -> (Int, FStmt)
transform' freeIdx (Seq stmt) = (freeIdx', FSeq stmt')
  where
    (freeIdx', stmt') = mapAccumL transform' freeIdx stmt
transform' freeIdx (Assign var val) = (freeIdx, FAssign var val)
transform' freeIdx (While cond stmt) =
    (freeIdx', FWhile label1 (Jumpf cond label2) stmt' (Jump label1) label2)
  where
    label1 = "label" ++ show freeIdx
    label2 = "label" ++ show (freeIdx + 1)
    (freeIdx', stmt') = transform' (freeIdx + 2) stmt
transform' freeIdx (If cond stmt1 stmt2) =
    (freeIdx'', FIf (Jumpf cond label) stmt1' label stmt2')
  where
    label = "label" ++ show freeIdx
    (freeIdx', stmt1') = transform' (freeIdx + 1) stmt1
    (freeIdx'', stmt2') = transform' freeIdx' stmt2

但是如果你知道 State monad，你可以这样设计:

But if you known State monad, you can design like this:

transform :: Stmt -> FStmt
transform = flip evalState 0 . transform'

transform' :: Stmt -> State Int FStmt
transform' (Seq stmt) = FSeq <$> mapM transform stmt
transform' (Assign var val) = return $ FAssign var val
transform' (While cond stmt) = do
    label1 <- freeLabel
    label2 <- freeLabel
    stmt' <- transform' stmt
    return $ FWhile label1 (Jumpf cond label2) stmt' (Jump label1) label2
transform' (If cond stmt1 stmt2) = do
    label <- freeLabel
    stmt1' <- transform' stmt1
    stmt2' <- transform' stmt2
    return $ FIf (Jumpf cond label) stmt1' label stmt2'

freeLabel :: State Int String
freeLabel = do
    i <- get
    put $ i + 1
    return $ "label" ++ show i