我找到了一个解决方案，由于此链接Managing

I found a solution thanks to this link Managing SharedPreferences in both PreferenceActivity and Service within same app and thanks to Andrew T. :

问题是多进程模式。如果您有声明的清单了Android服务：过程=（这是我的情况），那么有必要设置一个多进程模式

The issue was the multi process mode. If you have a Service which is declared in the manifest with a android:process="" (which is my case) then it's necessary to set a multi process mode.

下面是我做过什么：

在preferenceFragment：

in PreferenceFragment :

public static final String CONFIG_NAME = "pref";

...

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
{
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);


    getPreferenceManager().setSharedPreferencesName(CONFIG_NAME);
    getPreferenceManager().setSharedPreferencesMode(Context.MODE_MULTI_PROCESS);

    addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.config);

    ...
}

我的服务：

SharedPreferences settings = MyApplication.getInstance().getSharedPreferences(OptionsFragment.CONFIG_NAME, Context.MODE_MULTI_PROCESS);

和我MainActivity这种方式设置的默认值：

and I set the default values in MainActivity this way :

PreferenceManager.setDefaultValues(getApplicationContext(), OptionsFragment.CONFIG_NAME, Context.MODE_MULTI_PROCESS, R.xml.config, false);

而现在它工作正常。希望这将有助于！

And now it works fine. Hope it will help !

再次感谢您安德鲁吨。