好吧，看起来像我的错。我做了一个简单的测试：

Ok, looks like my fault. I had made a quick test:

<TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Text styled using 'style'."
        style="@style/UiTestTextView"
        />
<TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Text styled using 'textAppearance'."
        android:textAppearance="@style/UiTestTextView"
        />

和样式，text.xml：

and the styles-text.xml:

<style name="UiTestTextView">
    <item name="android:textColor">#ff0000</item>
    <item name="android:textSize">16sp</item>

    <item name="android:shadowColor">#ffffff</item>
    <item name="android:shadowDx">1</item>
    <item name="android:shadowDy">2</item>
    <item name="android:shadowRadius">3</item>
</style>

关键是要记住，阴影* 元素不是文本属性。正因为如此将不通过textAppearance应用。

The key thing is to remember that shadow* elements are not text properties. And as such will not be applied via textAppearance.

我要问的Andr​​oid开发者邮件列表上，如果这是期望的行为。

I'm going to ask on the Android Developers Mailing list if this is desired behavior.