你不能。标准在 15.3 / 3 ：

处理程序是一个异常对象的匹配如果

A handler is a match for an exception object of type E if

• 处理程序的类型为$ code> cv T 或 cv T& 和E和T是相同的类型（忽略***cv-
  限定词），或者


• 处理程序是 cv T 或 cv T& ，T是E的明确的公共基类，或


• 处理程序的类型为 cv1 T * cv2 ，E是可以转换为处理程序类型的指针类型
  通过
  
  
  
  
  • 不涉及到私有或受保护的指针的转换的标准指针转换（4.10）或
    模糊类
  
  
  • 资格转换
  
  
  • The handler is of type cv T or cv T& and E and T are the same type (ignoring the top-level cv- qualifiers), or
  • the handler is of type cv T or cv T& and T is an unambiguous public base class of E, or
  • the handler is of type cv1 T* cv2 and E is a pointer type that can be converted to the type of the handler by either or both of
    • a standard pointer conversion (4.10) not involving conversions to pointers to private or protected or ambiguous classes
    • a qualification conversion

    您所需的场景不符合这些情况。 cv 表示const和/或volatile组合

    Your desired scenario matches none of these. cv means "const and/or volatile combination"