可以，但有一些浏览器限制。

创建证书，然后在证书存储中注册，或手动将其加载到Kestrel中，如下所示：

certificate.json

{
  "certificateSettings": {
    "fileName": "localhost.pfx",
    "password": "YourSecurePassword"
  }
}

并类似于这样使用它：

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var config = new ConfigurationBuilder()
            .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
            .AddEnvironmentVariables()
            .AddJsonFile("certificate.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
            .AddJsonFile($"certificate.{Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT")}.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
            .Build();

        var certificateSettings = config.GetSection("certificateSettings");
        string certificateFileName = certificateSettings.GetValue<string>("filename");
        string certificatePassword = certificateSettings.GetValue<string>("password");

        var certificate = new X509Certificate2(certificateFileName, certificatePassword);

        var host = new WebHostBuilder()
            .UseKestrel(
                options =>
                {
                    options.AddServerHeader = false;
                    options.Listen(IPAddress.Loopback, 443, listenOptions =>
                    {
                        listenOptions.UseHttps(certificate);
                    });
                }
            )
            .UseConfiguration(config)
            .UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
            .UseStartup<Startup>()
            .UseUrls("https://localhost:443")
            .Build();

        host.Run();
    }
}

摘自这篇好的博客帖子：https://www.humankode.com/asp-net-core/develop-locally-with-https-self-signed-certificates-and-asp-net-core