The latest Android Emulator now supports OpenGL ES 3.0. To use OpenGL ES 3.0, your development machine needs a host GPU graphics card that supports OpenGL 3.2 or higher on Microsoft® Windows® or Linux.

See: https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/05/android-studio-3-0-canary1.html

The gles3jni sample app from the NDK is a good option to try it out.

If it fails with:

java.lang.RuntimeException: createContext failed: EGL_BAD_CONFIG

also try to run first on host:

echo "GLESDynamicVersion = on" >> ~/.android/advancedFeatures.ini

as the devs are currently whitelisting supported host GPUs, and that overrides it, see also: https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/68496715