ARG 用于设置在 docker build 过程中使用的环境变量 - 它们不存在在最终图像中，这就是为什么您在使用 docker run 时看不到它们的原因.

ARG is for setting environment variables which are used during the docker build process - they are not present in the final image, which is why you don't see them when you use docker run.

您将 ARG 用于仅在构建映像时相关的设置，并且您从映像运行的容器不需要这些设置.您可以将 ENV 用于在构建期间和容器中使用的环境变量.

You use ARG for settings that are only relevant when the image is being built, and aren't needed by containers which you run from the image. You can use ENV for environment variables to use during the build and in containers.

有了这个 Dockerfile:

With this Dockerfile:

FROM ubuntu                                                                                                            
ARG BUILD_TIME=abc                                                                                                     
ENV RUN_TIME=123                                                                                                       
RUN touch /env.txt                                                                                                     
RUN printenv > /env.txt 

您可以像使用 docker build -t temp --build-arg BUILD_TIME=def . 一样覆盖构建参数.然后你会得到你所期望的:

You can override the build arg as you have done with docker build -t temp --build-arg BUILD_TIME=def .. Then you get what you expect:

> docker run temp cat /env.txt                                                                                         
HOSTNAME=b18b9cafe0e0                                                                                                  
RUN_TIME=123                                                                                                           
HOME=/root                                                                                                             
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin                                                      
BUILD_TIME=def                                                                                                         
PWD=/