一、前言
数据库认证(Database-provided authentication):应用通过数据库获取用户认证信息。
认证提供者(Authentication Provider):Spring提供了一系列认证方式,如LDAP、OpenID等,对应的认证服务都需要实现AuthenticationProvider接口,开发人员可以自定义AuthenticationProvider实现。
二、Spring配置
数据库认证本质上与其它认证方式没有区别,区别就是获取用户及其权限信息的方式不同,数据库认证需要从数据库读取用户信息,Spring已经预定义了用户安全的相关表结构和操作实现,请参考下面两个类的源码,这些默认实现能满足大部分应用需求,当然也很容易自己定制。
org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl
org.springframework.security.provisioning.JdbcUserDetailsManager
对于获取用户、用户组、权限的查询都提供了默认的SQL,所以这也不需要开发者定义,但需要了解Spring的默认实现,如:
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public class JdbcDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDetailsService {
//~ Static fields/initializers =====================================================================================
public static final String DEF_USERS_BY_USERNAME_QUERY =
"select username,password,enabled " +
"from users " +
"where username = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_AUTHORITIES_BY_USERNAME_QUERY =
"select username,authority " +
"from authorities " +
"where username = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_GROUP_AUTHORITIES_BY_USERNAME_QUERY =
"select g.id, g.group_name, ga.authority " +
"from groups g, group_members gm, group_authorities ga " +
"where gm.username = ? " +
"and g.id = ga.group_id " +
"and g.id = gm.group_id" ;
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我们可以看到Spring尽一切可能减少开发者的工作,但如果需求不能满足,开发者需要自定义表结构并覆盖查询SQL定义。
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public class JdbcUserDetailsManager extends JdbcDaoImpl implements UserDetailsManager, GroupManager {
//~ Static fields/initializers =====================================================================================
// UserDetailsManager SQL
public static final String DEF_CREATE_USER_SQL =
"insert into users (username, password, enabled) values (?,?,?)" ;
public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_SQL =
"delete from users where username = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_UPDATE_USER_SQL =
"update users set password = ?, enabled = ? where username = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_INSERT_AUTHORITY_SQL =
"insert into authorities (username, authority) values (?,?)" ;
public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_AUTHORITIES_SQL =
"delete from authorities where username = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_USER_EXISTS_SQL =
"select username from users where username = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_CHANGE_PASSWORD_SQL =
"update users set password = ? where username = ?" ;
// GroupManager SQL
public static final String DEF_FIND_GROUPS_SQL =
"select group_name from groups" ;
public static final String DEF_FIND_USERS_IN_GROUP_SQL =
"select username from group_members gm, groups g " +
"where gm.group_id = g.id" +
" and g.group_name = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_INSERT_GROUP_SQL =
"insert into groups (group_name) values (?)" ;
public static final String DEF_FIND_GROUP_ID_SQL =
"select id from groups where group_name = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_INSERT_GROUP_AUTHORITY_SQL =
"insert into group_authorities (group_id, authority) values (?,?)" ;
public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_SQL =
"delete from groups where id = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_AUTHORITIES_SQL =
"delete from group_authorities where group_id = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_MEMBERS_SQL =
"delete from group_members where group_id = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_RENAME_GROUP_SQL =
"update groups set group_name = ? where group_name = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_INSERT_GROUP_MEMBER_SQL =
"insert into group_members (group_id, username) values (?,?)" ;
public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_MEMBER_SQL =
"delete from group_members where group_id = ? and username = ?" ;
public static final String DEF_GROUP_AUTHORITIES_QUERY_SQL =
"select g.id, g.group_name, ga.authority " +
"from groups g, group_authorities ga " +
"where g.group_name = ? " +
"and g.id = ga.group_id " ;
public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_AUTHORITY_SQL =
"delete from group_authorities where group_id = ? and authority = ?" ;
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数据库安全认证配置示例:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:security = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xmlns:jdbc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
< context:component-scan base-package = "com.stevex.demo" />
< security:http auto-config = "true" >
< security:intercept-url pattern = "/admin" access = "ROLE_ADMIN" />
< security:intercept-url pattern = "/*" access = "ROLE_USER" />
< security:form-login />
</ security:http >
< security:authentication-manager >
< security:authentication-provider >
< security:jdbc-user-service
data-source-ref = "dataSource"
group-authorities-by-username-query="select g.id, g.group_name, ga.authority
from groups g, group_members gm, group_authorities ga
where gm.username = ? and g.id = ga.group_id and g.id = gm.group_id" />
</ security:authentication-provider >
</ security:authentication-manager >
< jdbc:embedded-database id = "dataSource" >
< jdbc:script location = "classpath:security-schema.sql" />
< jdbc:script location = "classpath:users.sql" />
</ jdbc:embedded-database >
</ beans >
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embedded-database标签:Spring默认使用hsql,如果使用其他内存数据库,如Derby,需要指定。
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jdbc-user-service标签:注入基于JDBC的UserDetailsService实现,默认即JdbcUserDetailsManager。
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group-authorities-by-username-query标签:覆盖默认用户组权限查询SQL。
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authentication-provider标签:如果没有设置ref属性引用其他bean时,默认使用DaoAuthenticationProvider, DaoAuthenticationProvider会调用UserDetailsService接口获取用户信息,并在登录时验证用户密码。
三、后语
本文提供一个基本实现参考供下载。