分享程序员开发的那些事...
更新时间：2022-09-30 08:08:01
系统环境：
操作系统：RedHat EL6
DB Soft： Mysql 5.6.4-m7
Mysql 在linux下的安装方式有两种版本，一种为Binary（二进制），另外一种为Source（源码包），本文为Source Install方式。
1、安装前的准备
解压安装包
[oracle@ogg ~]$ ls
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mysql-5.6.4-m7 mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.gz mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.zip ogg oradiag_oracle Readme--?+?.htm |
[oracle@ogg ~]$ cd mysql-5.6.4-m7
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[oracle@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]$ lsBUILD CMakeLists.txt COPYING extra libmysql mysql-test README sql-bench support-files vioBUILD-CMAKE cmd-line-utils dbug include libmysqld mysys regex sql-common tests winclient config.h.cmake Docs INSTALL-SOURCE libservices packaging scripts storage unittest zlibcmake configure.cmake Doxyfile-perfschema INSTALL-WIN-SOURCE man plugin sql strings VERSION |
[oracle@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]$ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.gz
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mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/safe_process.ccmysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/safe_kill_win.ccmysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/safe_process_win.ccmysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/Base.pmmysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/CMakeLists.txt…… |
查看官方安装文档：INSTALL-SOURCE
To install and use a MySQL binary distribution, the basic command
sequence looks like this:
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shell> groupadd mysqlshell> useradd -r -g mysql mysqlshell> cd /usr/localshell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gzshell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysqlshell> cd mysqlshell> chown -R mysql .shell> chgrp -R mysql .shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysqlshell> chown -R root .shell> chown -R mysql data# Next command is optionalshell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnfshell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &# Next command is optionalshell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server |
For example, with a compressed tar file source distribution on Unix, the basic installation command
sequence looks like this:
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# Preconfiguration setupshell> groupadd mysqlshell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql# Beginning of source-build specific instructionsshell> tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gzshell> cd mysql-VERSIONshell> cmake .shell> makeshell> make install# End of source-build specific instructions# Postinstallation setupshell> cd /usr/local/mysqlshell> chown -R mysql .shell> chgrp -R mysql .shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysqlshell> chown -R root .shell> chown -R mysql data# Next command is optionalshell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnfshell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &# Next command is optionalshell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server |
2、准备源码安装所需要的工具和库文件（RedHat 安装光盘）
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[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep makeautomake-1.11.1-1.2.el6.noarchmake-3.81-19.el6.i686[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep bisonbison-2.4.1-5.el6.i686[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep gccgcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686gcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686gcc-gfortran-4.4.4-13.el6.i686compat-libgcc-296-2.96-144.el6.i686[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep cmake[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep ncurncurses-base-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686ncurses-libs-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686ncurses-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686挂载RedHat安装光盘[root@ogg ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@ogg ~]# cd /media/[root@ogg media]# cd Server/[root@ogg Server]# lsPackages repodata TRANS.TBL[root@ogg Server]# cd Packages/[root@ogg Packages]# ls |grep makeautomake-1.11.1-1.2.el6.noarch.rpmcmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686.rpmimake-1.0.2-11.el6.i686.rpmmake-3.81-19.el6.i686.rpmmakebootfat-1.4-10.el6.i686.rpmpacemaker-1.1.2-7.el6.i686.rpmpacemaker-libs-1.1.2-7.el6.i686.rpm安装cmake[root@ogg Packages]# rpm -ivh /media/Server/Packages/cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686.rpmwarning: /media/Server/Packages/cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:cmake ########################################### [100%]
[root@ogg Packages]# |
3、源码安装，检测编译环境
[root@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]# cmake ./
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-- The C compiler identification is GNU-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Looking for SHM_HUGETLB
-- Looking for SHM_HUGETLB - found
-- MySQL 5.6.4-m7-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
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......
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-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS - Success-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_ATOMIC_PTHREAD_T_GCC-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_ATOMIC_PTHREAD_T_GCC - Success-- Check size of pthread_t-- Check size of pthread_t - done-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED - Success-- Googletest was not found. gtest-based unit tests will be disabled. You can run cmake . -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 to automatically download and build required components from source.-- If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy: export http_proxy=http://foo.bar.com:80
-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: /home/oracle/mysql-5.6.4-m7 |
可以指定一下参数：
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# -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ #安装路径# -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ #数据文件存放位置# -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ #my.cnf路径# -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #支持MyIASM引擎# -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #支持InnoDB引擎# -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #支持Memory引擎# -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ #快捷键功能(我没用过)# -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock \ #连接数据库socket路径# -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ #端口# -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ #允许从本地导入数据# -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #安装支持数据库分区# -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ #安装所有的字符集# -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ #默认字符# -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci |
4、编译
[root@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]# make
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Scanning dependencies of target INFO_BIN[ 0%] Built target INFO_BINScanning dependencies of target INFO_SRC[ 0%] Built target INFO_SRCScanning dependencies of target abi_check[ 0%] Built target abi_check[ 1%] Generating common.h[ 1%] Generating help.c[ 1%] Generating help.h[ 1%] Generating vi.h[ 1%] Generating emacs.h[ 1%] Generating fcns.c[ 1%] Generating fcns.hScanning dependencies of target edit...... |
5、安装
[root@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]# make install
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-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_row_sp003.test-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_mts_crash_safe.inc-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_stm_EE_err2.test-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_ndb_apply_status.test-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_mixing_engines.test-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_extra_col_slave.test-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/type_conversions.test-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_row_func003.test-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_row_sp002.test...... |
@至此，mysql安装完成！
6、数据库配置
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初始化数据库[root@ogg mysql]#cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@ogg mysql]# ls
bin COPYING data docs include INSTALL-BINARY lib man mysql-5.6.4-m7 mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files
[root@ogg mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .
[root@ogg mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: CPU does not support crc32 instructions
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:InnoDB: a new database to be created!
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 10 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...[root@ogg mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./data
[root@ogg mysql]# chmod -R ug+rws .
[root@ogg mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y配置参数文件[root@ogg mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sockskip-external-lockingkey_buffer_size = 16Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512Knet_buffer_length = 8Kread_buffer_size = 256Kread_rnd_buffer_size = 512Kmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 8Muser=mysqldatadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqldefault-storage-engine=MyISAM
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7、启动数据库
[root@ogg mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[1] 16592
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[root@ogg mysql]# 140917 13:56:51 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.err'.
140917 13:56:51 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
140917 13:56:53 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.pid ended
[1]+ Done bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
[root@ogg mysql]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root 16888 5955 0 13:57 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysql
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数据库启动失败！
查看日志：
[root@ogg mysql]# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.err
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140917 13:56:51 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
140917 13:56:51 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: CPU does not support crc32 instructions
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:InnoDB: a new database to be created!
140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 10 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile0 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile1 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tablesInnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
140917 13:56:53 InnoDB: 1.2.4 started; log sequence number 0
140917 13:56:53 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 6c803c62-3e2f-11e4-9db1-0800270ccfcc.
140917 13:56:53 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
140917 13:56:53 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.pid ended
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重新启动数据库
[root@ogg mysql]# cd bin
[root@ogg bin]# ./mysqld
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./mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
140917 13:58:17 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: CPU does not support crc32 instructions
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 48961
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...
InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite
InnoDB: buffer...InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 1595695
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
InnoDB: Progress in percents: 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
InnoDB: Apply batch completed140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
140917 13:58:18 InnoDB: 1.2.4 started; log sequence number 1595695
140917 13:58:18 [Note] Recovering after a crash using mysql-bin
140917 13:58:18 [Note] Starting crash recovery...
140917 13:58:18 [Note] Crash recovery finished.
140917 13:58:18 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
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数据库启动失败
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140917 13:58:18 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
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解决方法：
修改/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
重新指定数据库数据文件的位置！
再次启动Database：
[root@ogg mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
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[root@ogg data]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root 16955 5955 0 14:03 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql
mysql 17229 16955 0 14:03 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/ogg.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/ogg.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
[root@ogg data]# netstat -an|grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
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数据库启动成功！
配置数据库启动脚本，加入系统启动环境
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[root@ogg mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@ogg mysql]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL..140917 14:06:29 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/ogg.pid ended
[ OK ]
[1]+ Done ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql (wd: /usr/local/mysql/bin)
(wd now: /usr/local/mysql)[root@ogg data]# netstat -an|grep 3306
[root@ogg mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. [root@ogg data]# netstat -an|grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN [ OK ]
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8、连接使用mysql database
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修改管理员密码[root@ogg mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/[root@ogg mysql]# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root passwordNew password:Confirm new password:
连接数据库[root@ogg mysql]# ./bin/mysql -u root -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.4-m7-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select * from tab;
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> use mysqlDatabase changedmysql> select * from tab;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'mysql.tab' doesn't exist
mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;
+-----------+------+| host | user |+-----------+------+| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| ::1 | root |
| localhost | || localhost | root || ogg | || ogg | root |+-----------+------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> |
@至此，mysql database安装、连接成功！