UTF-8 中的所有单字节编码字符都必须在 [0x00 .. 0x7F] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8).这些相当于 7 位 ASCII.

对于德语 ß，你会得到 2 个 UTF-8 字节:

>>>"ß".encode("utf-8")

b'\xc3\x9f'

解码时也能正常工作:

b'\xc3\x9f'.decode("utf-8")

'ß'

I have a bytestring b"\xDF". When I try to decode it to UTF-8, a UnicodeDecodeError is thrown. Decoding to CP1252 works fine. In both charsets, 0xDF is represented by the character "ß". So why the Error?

>>> hex(ord("ß"))
'0xdf'
>>> b"\xDF".decode("utf-8")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xdf in position 0: unexpected end of data
>>> b"\xDF".decode("cp1252")
'ß'

All single-byte encoded characters in UTF-8 have to be in the range [0x00 .. 0x7F] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8). Those are equivalent to 7-bit ASCII.

For the german ß, you'd get 2 bytes in UTF-8:

>>> "ß".encode("utf-8")

b'\xc3\x9f'

Which also works correctly when decoding:

b'\xc3\x9f'.decode("utf-8")

'ß'