我找到了符合条件的解决方案

I found a solution with the condition

metaData.getColumnType(columnNumber) == 12

如果满足此条件，则执行查询

if this condition is satisfied, execute the query

SELECT System_Type_Id FROM Sys.Columns WHERE Name = [column name] AND Object_Id = (SELECT Object_Id FROM Sys.Tables WHERE Name = [table name])

对于smalldatetime，它将返回58

，对于datetime，它将返回61.