您似乎相信您的代码执行 SFTP ls 命令.它不是.它尝试执行 ls shell 命令.您的服务器可能甚至不允许执行 shell 命令，因此会出现错误.

It seem that you believe that your code executes SFTP ls command. It does not. It tries to execute ls shell command. Your server probably does not even allow executing shell commands, hence the error.

如果要使用SFTP，需要使用SFTPClient 类 及其方法，如 SFTPClient.listdir.

If you want to use SFTP, you need to use SFTPClient class and its methods like SFTPClient.listdir.

请注意，SFTP 协议没有像 ls 这样的文本命令.SFTP 是一种二进制协议.您知道的命令是常见SFTP客户端的命令——OpenSSH sftp.OpenSSH sftp 将用户文本命令映射到二进制 SFTP 协议请求.以相同的方式 Paramiko SFTPClient 类将调用映射到其方法到等效的二进制 SFTP 协议请求.

Note that SFTP protocol does not have textual commands like ls. SFTP is a binary protocol. The commands, that you know, are commands of a common SFTP client – the OpenSSH sftp. The OpenSSH sftp maps user text commands to binary SFTP protocol requests. The same way Paramiko SFTPClient class maps calls to its methods to equivalent binary SFTP protocol requests.

有关更多详细信息，另请参阅我对使用命令行对子系统 SFTP 进行 SSH 调用的回答.

For more details, see also my answer to SSH invocation of a subsystem SFTP using command line.