没有办法定义这样的类型.GitHub 上有一个提案来支持这一点，但目前似乎不是优先事项.对其进行投票，也许团队可能会将其包含在未来的版本中.

There is no way to define such a type. There is a proposal on GitHub to support this, but it currently does not appear to be a priority. Vote on it and maybe the team might include it in a future release.

编辑

从 4.1 开始，您可以定义一种类型来验证字符串，而无需实际定义所有选项:

Starting in 4.1 you can define a type that would validate the string without actually defining all the options:

type MarkerTime =`${number| ''}${number}:${number}${number}`

let a: MarkerTime = "0-00" // error
let b: MarkerTime = "0:00" // ok
let c: MarkerTime = "09:00" // ok

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