通过提前将col4==3作为列进行一些预处理.然后使用aggregate

Do some preprocessing by including the col4==3 as a column ahead of time. Then use aggregate

df.assign(result_col=df.col4.eq(3).astype(int)).groupby(
    ['col1', 'col2']
).agg(dict(col3='size', col4='nunique', result_col='sum'))

           col3  result_col  col4
col1 col2                        
1    4        2           2     1
     6        1           0     1

旧答案

old answers

g = df.groupby(['col1', 'col2'])
g.agg({'col3':'size','col4': 'nunique'}).assign(
    result_col=g.col4.apply(lambda x: x.eq(3).sum()))

           col3  col4  result_col
col1 col2                        
1    4        2     1           2
     6        1     1           0

稍微重新排列

slightly rearranged

g = df.groupby(['col1', 'col2'])
final_df = g.agg({'col3':'size','col4': 'nunique'})
final_df.insert(1, 'result_col', g.col4.apply(lambda x: x.eq(3).sum()))
final_df

           col3  result_col  col4
col1 col2                        
1    4        2           2     1
     6        1           0     1