你应该能够通过直接编辑项目文件来使用条件结构来做到这一点(VS IDE 不会为你做到这一点).

You should be able to do this with conditional constructs by editing the project file directly (VS IDE won't do this for you).

例如，您可以使用选择"元素执行以下操作:

For example, you might do something like this using the "Choose" element:

<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" >
    <PropertyGroup>
        <!-- ... --> 
    </PropertyGroup>
    <Choose>

        <When Condition=" '$(Configuration)'=='Debug' ">
            <ItemGroup>
                <ProjectReference Include="..stuffMyStuff.csproj">
                    <Project>{4c7bbe47-8d84-45d4-95f0-f640ba59563c}</Project>
                    <Name>MyStuff</Name>
                </ProjectReference>
            </ItemGroup>
        </When>

        <When Condition=" '$(Configuration)'=='Retail' ">
            <ItemGroup>
                <Reference Include="MyStuff.dll" />
            </ItemGroup>
        </When>

    </Choose>
    <!-- Rest of Project -->
</Project>

MSDN 有有关使用条件结构的更多信息.